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    [转载] 无限的抗争 ——电影《时时刻刻》
    我惊异于导演斯蒂芬·戴德利作为一名男性,能够在《时时刻刻》中如此通炼入微地表达出女性独特的心理体验。对于生命和现实的怀疑、敏感和无法满足,对于自己内心中莫名的神秘的无法把握而又分明存在的骚动,构成了女性对生命的思考。而我似乎却能通过一条男性所无法感觉到的桥段,和影片中的三位女主人公在心灵的某个地方丝缕相通,达成一种共振,那种共振会时时刻刻提醒你,虽然生命本身是一种无可奈何,但生命的意义又在于你总是走在试图战胜、超越这种无可奈何的路上,藉着这个希望的喜悦,和它做无限的抗争。

    弗吉妮娅·伍尔芙是20年代的一位女作家,她整日在伦敦郊区的公寓里蒙头写作,用冰冷削瘦的手指不停地写着一部名为《戴罗薇夫人的小说,紧蹙的眉头、神经质的眼神,陷入主人公命运思考的喃喃自语,以及她想要改变生活而突然独自奔向火车站,还有她注视一只死去的小鸟时难以豁解的目光,无不显示出一个女性忧郁、柔腻、脆弱的内心和现实世界固有的潜在的冲突,无论身在何方,两者永远不可能有融合的可能。这是她写的最后一本书了,写完它,她的生命也走到了尽头——她自溺于波光粼粼的美丽的湖中。

    劳拉·布朗是1951年时加州的一名家庭主妇,她的床头摆放着《戴罗薇夫人》,她正怀上了第二个孩子。这天是丈夫的生日,她在满心欢喜地做蛋糕时被突如其来的烦躁左右,她已经决定,在和儿子共同再做一个蛋糕后自杀。这时她的一个少妇朋友来看她,渐渐谈到少妇的身体状况,她因不能做母亲的悲伤而哭泣,这时劳拉却安慰她说,要勇敢地面对一切,然后起身抱着她,接下来,劳拉吻了她,而少妇在她这一吻过后,仿佛获得了新生和力量,告别劳拉时显得很自信很坚强很美丽。而此刻劳拉的脸上满是慌乱和不知所措,当她转向目睹这一切的小儿子时,突然像像他控诉一样大声质问,“什么,你想要什么?”坐在地上的抱着玩具的儿子忽然站起来,转身跑向自己的房间。

    在这里不得不提的是劳拉的儿子,这个小孩不太爱说话,但好像从始自终能够洞悉大人的眼神,他的单薄的身体似乎承受不住他沉重的眼睛,他仿佛窥视清了这个世界并为其悲哀,这令人感到震惊。但他依然是个孩子,当劳拉将他寄送到别人家自己准备去自杀时,他哭着闹着撕心裂肺地喊着妈妈,好像知道妈妈将要永远抛下他,不再回来。

    第三位主人公是住在现代纽约的克拉丽萨·沃甘,《戴罗薇夫人》中的现代原形,她和一名同志住在一起,他的男友理查是个写作的人,患上了艾滋病。克拉丽萨要为他办一个宴会,与其说是试图改变他目前颓废灰暗的状态让他重振生活的精神,不如说是自己对现实的一种反抗。但是最终,克拉丽萨眼睁睁地看着理查一步一步打开窗户,跟她告别,坐上去,然后身子一歪,坠楼而亡。理查最后留给她的话是,“我知道你爱我,那么请你让我选择离开。”

    从弗吉妮娅的超脱到劳拉的远离到克拉莉莎的面对接受,事实上这是一个展现女性自我认知、成长的过程。弗吉妮娅处于精神分裂的边缘,在另外一个世界中得到另外的东西是她的终极之路;劳拉独自在生活中挣扎着,小儿子与年龄不符的眼神甚至让她颤栗,她是最为孤独的,自己永远填补不了这个洞,《戴罗薇夫人》给她的启示和引导却是一种诱惑,投身这诱惑她又有一种与现实割舍的恐惧,只好选择逃走;克拉莉莎面对的是清楚的现实,直面它们,在丧失爱人之后的依然会有勇气继续生活,她还有很多理由抗争这个世界。

    不停变换的时空,交错的场景,迥异于好莱坞套路风格的《时》给人耳目一新的感觉。行云流水的音乐烘托了影片的格调,表现了电影的意境和人物心理的波动。特别是一组意识流的镜头尤为精彩。劳拉决定自杀时躺在床上摸着肚子,翻着《戴罗薇夫人》思考着,然后合上,忽然,水从地上漫起,不可扼制地流淌着,瞬间淹没了一切,包括床上的劳拉,她的脸庞她的衣裙在水中漂浮,显示出生命的脆弱。但是影片结尾处,三个主人公各自的命运又显得那么温和而充满希望,弗吉妮娅走向死亡时丝毫没有死亡可怕而寒冷的气息,她寻获的是另外的自己,劳拉和克拉莉萨在灯光熄灭前柔和安宁的脸和周围温馨的环境,无不给人心领神会、不着痕迹的希冀。

    影片改编自迈克尔·康宁汉1998年的普立策(The Pulitzer Prize)获奖小说,也是一次对弗吉妮娅·伍尔芙的小说《戴罗薇夫人》的致敬。这本小说今年颇风光,还在阿尔莫多瓦的新片《对她说》里占有戏份。三位好莱坞最著名的实力派女影星的集体表演精湛朴实,洗炼干净,的确令人称道。

    http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4874a72d0100ag3s.html

    4 评论

    Mrs Dalloway (published on 14 May 1925) is a novel by Virginia Woolf that details a day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway in post-World War I England. Mrs Dalloway continues to be one of Woolf's best-known novels.

    Created from two short stories, "Mrs Dalloway in Bond Street" and the unfinished "The Prime Minister", the novel's story is of Clarissa's preparations for a party of which she is to be hostess. With the interior perspective of the novel, the story travels forwards and back in time, and in and out of the characters' minds, to construct a complete image of Clarissa's life and of the inter-war social structure.

    Time magazine included the novel in its TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005.[1]

    Contents [hide]
    1 Plot summary
    2 Style
    3 Themes
    3.1 Feminism
    3.2 Homosexuality
    3.3 Mental illness
    3.4 Existential issues
    4 Film adaptation
    5 Other Appearances
    6 References
    7 External links


    Plot summary

    Clarissa Dalloway goes around London in the morning, getting ready to host a party that evening. The nice day reminds her of her youth at Bourton and makes her wonder about her choice of husband -- she married the reliable Richard Dalloway instead of the enigmatic and demanding Peter Walsh, and she had not the option to be with Sally Seton for whom she felt strongly. Peter reintroduces these conflicts by paying a visit that morning, having returned from India that day.

    Septimus Warren Smith, a veteran of World War I suffering from deferred traumatic stress, spends his day in the park with his Italian-born wife, Lucrezia, where they are observed by Peter Walsh. Septimus is visted by frequent and indecipherable hallucinations, mostly concerning his dear friend Evans who died in the war. Later that day, after he is prescribed involuntary commitment, he commits suicide by jumping out of a window.

    Clarissa's party in the evening is a slow success. It is attended by most of the characters she has met in the book, including people from her past. She hears about Septimus' suicide at the party, and gradually comes to admire the act of this stranger -- which she considers an effort to preserve the purity of his own happiness.

    Style

    In Mrs Dalloway all of the action, excepting flashbacks, takes place on a single day in June. It is an example of stream of consciousness storytelling; every scene closely tracks the momentary thoughts of a particular character. Woolf blurs the distinction between direct and indirect speech throughout the novel, alternating her narration with omniscient description, indirect interior monologue, direct interior narration follows at least twenty characters in this way, but the bulk of the novel is spent with Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Smith.

    Because of structural and stylistic similarities, Mrs Dalloway is commonly thought to be a response to James Joyce's Ulysses, a text that is often hailed as one of the greatest novels of the twentieth century. Woolf herself derided Joyce's novel. The Hogarth Press, run by her and her husband Leonard, had to turn down the chance to publish the novel because of the obscenity law in England.

    Themes

    Feminism
    As a commentary on inter-war society, Clarissa's character highlights the role of women as the proverbial "Angel in the House" and embodies both sexual and economic repression. She keeps up with and even embraces the social expectations of the wife of a patrician politician, but she is still able to express herself and find distinction in the parties she throws[2].

    Her old friend Sally Seton, whom Clarissa admires dearly, is remembered as a great independent woman[2]: she smoked cigars, once ran down a corridor naked to fetch her sponge-bag, and made bold, unladylike statements to get a reaction from people. When Clarissa meets her in the present day, she turns out to be a perfect housewife, having married a self-made rich man and had five sons.

    Homosexuality

    Clarissa Dalloway is strongly attracted to Sally at Bourton -- 34 years later, she still considers the kiss they shared to be the happiest moment of her life. She feels about women "as men feel" (from "Mrs Dalloway", Penguin Popular Classics 1996, page 36 OR Harcourt, Inc. (2005), Page 35), but she does not recognize these feelings as signs of homosexuality.

    She and Sally fell a little behind. Then came the most exquisite moment of her whole life passing a stone urn with flowers in it Sally stopped; picked a flower; kissed her on the lips. The whole world might have turned upside down! The others disappeared; there she was alone with Sally. And she felt that she had been given a present, wrapped up, and told just to keep it, not to look at it - a diamond, something infinitely precious, wrapped up, which, as they walked (up and down, up and down), she uncovered, or the radiance burnt through, the revelation, the religious feeling! (Woolf, 36)

    The relationship between Doris Kilman and Elizabeth Dalloway demonstrates that the older may have certain lesbian feelings towards Clarissa's daughter.

    Similarly, Septimus is haunted by the image of his dear friend Evans. Evans, his commanding officer is described as being "undemonstrative in the company of women." Woolf describes Septimus and Evans behaved together like "two dogs playing on a hearth-rug" who, inseparable, "had to be together, share with each other, fight with each other, quarrel with each other..." Jean E. Kennard notes that the word "share" could easily be read in a Forsteran manner, perhaps as in Forster's Maurice which testifies as to the word's use in this period to describe homosexual relations. Furthermore, Kennard is one to note Septimus' "increasing revulsion at the idea of heterosexual sex", abstaining from sex with Rezia and feels "the business of copulation was filth to him before the end."[3] Other critics contend that Septimus and Evans are intended as parallels for T.S. Eliot and his dear friend Jean Verdenal, whom Eliot mourned greatly.[4]

    Mental illness

    Septimus, as the shell-shocked war hero, operates as a pointed criticism of the treatment of mental illness and depression[2]. Woolf lashes out at the medical discourse through Septimus' decline and ultimate suicide: his doctors make snap judgments about his condition, talk to him mainly through his wife, and dismiss his urgent confessions before he can make them.

    There are similarities in Septimus' condition to Woolf's own struggles with bipolar disorder (they both hallucinate that birds sing in Greek, and Woolf once attempted to throw herself out of a window as Septimus finally does)[2]. Woolf eventually committed suicide by drowning.

    Existential issues

    When Peter Walsh sees a girl in the street and stalks her for half an hour, he notes that his relationship to the girl was "made up, as one makes up the better part of life." By focusing on character's thoughts and perceptions, Woolf emphasizes the significance of private thoughts, rather than concrete events, in a person's life. Most of the plot points in Mrs Dalloway are realizations that the characters make in their own heads[2].

    Fueled by her bout of ill health, Clarissa Dalloway is emphasized as a woman who appreciates life. Her love of party-throwing comes from a desire to bring people together and create happy moments. Her charm, according to Peter Walsh who loves her, is a sense of joie de vivre, always summarized by the sentence, "There she was." She interprets Septimus Smith's death as an act of embracing life, and her mood remains light even when she figures out her marriage is a farce.

    Film adaptation

    A film version of Mrs Dalloway was made in 1997 by Dutch feminist film director Marleen Gorris. It was adapted from Woolf's novel by British actress Eileen Atkins and starred Vanessa Redgrave in the title role. The cast included Natascha McElhone, Lena Headey, Rupert Graves, Michael Kitchen, Alan Cox, Sarah Badel and Katie Carr.

    Mrs Dalloway was a key element of the plot of both the Michael Cunningham novel The Hours and its subsequent screen adaptation. Cunningham's title was derived from Woolf's original title for Mrs Dalloway.

    Other Appearances

    Mrs Dalloway also appears in Virginia Woolf's first novel, "The Voyage Out", as well as four of her short stories, in which she hosts dinner parties to which the main subject of the narrative is invited:

    "The New Dress" - a self-conscious guest has a new dress made for the event.
    "The Introduction" - whose main character is Lily Everit
    "Together and Apart" - Mrs Dalloway introduces the main protagonists
    "The Man Who Loved His Kind" in which her husband Richard invites a school friend who finds the evening uncomfortable in the extreme.
    "A Summing Up" - a couple meet in her garden.
    The stories (except for "The Introduction") all appear in the 1944 collection A Haunted House and Other Short Stories, and also in the 1973 collection Mrs Dalloway's Party.[5]

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway

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